Claudia Varejão WallinNa pouco ortodoxa Suécia, a corrida eleitoral para as eleições gerais de 14 de setembro levou os líderes dos oito maiores partidos políticos do país ao divã: um a um, todos passaram por uma sessão de uma hora com um psicoterapeuta, revirando o baú da memória diante das câmeras da TV pública sueca SVT.
A série de sessões políticas no divã abriu o ano eleitoral, e produziu faíscas no eleitorado. Foram oito domingos consecutivos na TV dedicados a reminiscências de infância, traumas variados e episódios marcantes na trajetória dos líderes partidários.
A intenção era nobre: para a SVT, a proposta da série de programas foi aprofundar o conhecimento dos eleitores sobre as experiências pessoais que moldaram os valores e as ideologias de cada candidato. Mas para um grande número de suecos, a idéia não passou de uma abobrinha dispensável.
Esta é, afinal, uma sociedade que desdenha a personalização da política e o culto a candidatos individuais.
Um dos primeiros a enfrentar o divã foi o próprio primeiro-ministro sueco e líder do Partido Moderado (centro-direita), Fredrik Reinfeldt. Na abertura do programa, a câmera registra a entrada de um apreensivo premier no cenário bucólico da casa do psicoterapeuta, que o recebe à porta.
Os dois sentam-se frente a frente. A curta distância que os separa é evidentemente incômoda para os padrões suecos de reserva e privacidade. Mas a primeira pergunta do terapeuta certamente não incomoda o premier da Suécia – onde políticos não têm direito a luxo, regalias ou privilégios:
‘Intimidade’
”Você é primeiro-ministro e líder do Partido Moderado, mas é também uma pessoa inteiramente comum. É uma combinação difícil?”, pergunta o médico e psicoterapeuta Poul Perris no programa ”Nyfiken på partiledaren” (”Curioso sobre o líder partidário”, em tradução livre).
Na Suécia, todos tratam os políticos apenas como ”você”.
”Não”, responde o premier. ”Na Suécia, mais do que em outros países, a ideia é de que os políticos que escolhemos para nos representar devem ser ’um de nós’, e não alguém que está acima de nós”.
Quebrado o gelo, o terapeuta indaga sobre a infância do premier. E vêm histórias sobre o menino mais velho da família de classe média, que desde cedo sentiu o dever da responsabilidade sobre os irmãos.
O garoto que queria ser jogador profissional de basquete, mas que se frustrou ao perceber que não era tão alto como os outros jogadores do colégio. O menino que aos dez anos de idade foi eleito pelos colegas como líder da união de estudantes da escola. Que se tornou assim mais auto-confiante, e descobriu a vocação para liderar e influenciar os rumos da sociedade.
Na segunda parte do programa, o terapeuta se dedica a sabatinar o primeiro-ministro sobre os valores e as ideologias que pavimentaram o seu caminho para a política.
Para um político acostumado aos duríssimos interrogatórios dos jornalistas suecos nos debates eleitorais, a sessão com o terapeuta foi como uma brincadeira.
O próximo a desnudar a sua alma diante do terapeuta foi o líder do Partido Social-Democrata, Stefan Löfven. Os suecos ficaram sabendo que Löfven só veio a conhecer a mãe biológica aos 20 anos de idade. Ele falou da infância pobre na casa de pais adotivos, e de como a sua história moldou os seus valores de solidariedade – a principal bandeira social-democrata.
”Uma sociedade em que todos se ajudam, todos assumem uma responsabilidade coletiva, é uma sociedade forte”, disse Löfven.
Na sequência, o líder do Partido da Esquerda (Vänsterpartiet, ex-comunista), Jonas Sjöstedt, conta que foi uma criança com dislexia que sofria bullying na escola, e que os pais, que trabalhavam fora em longas jornadas, não tinham tempo para ele. Seria esta a razão de Sjöstedt propor em seu programa de governo a jornada de trabalho de seis horas?
”Baboseira psicológica”
Levar os oito líderes partidários para o divã do terapeuta, em tempos de eleições gerais, provavelmente não ajudaria os eleitores a iluminar a sua escolha política.
Mas – assim ponderaram vários comentaristas na imprensa sueca – poderia render boa diversão na TV.
Enganaram-se todos: a reação dos suecos contra a série de programas, em comentários postados em sites de notícias e nas redes sociais, foi virulenta.
”Não tenho o mínimo interesse em saber que tipo de xampu os políticos têm no banheiro. O que interessa saber é quais são os valores básicos do candidato como político, e não como pessoa”, disse um dos comentários, assinado por Christer Engström.
”Focar no indivíduo é sempre prejudicial para a política. O foco deve estar nas opiniões e na ideologia de um político, e o tipo de música que ele gosta é totalmente irrelevante. Será que nós queremos ter o tipo de personalização da política que existe nos EUA?”, perguntou outro internauta sueco.
”Uma repugnante personalização da política – é isso que nós estamos querendo?”, escreveu mais um.
”Totalmente asqueroso. O que interessa é o projeto político dos partidos”, ressaltou outro indignado eleitor sueco, decretando o “fracasso” da série de programas.
Parte da imprensa sueca uniu-se ao coro dos descontentes: ”Baboseira Psicológica na SVT”, estampou a manchete do jornal Aftonbladet:
”O terapeuta evitou qualquer confrontação, e repetiu à exaustão a pergunta: ’como se sentia aquele menininho?’, como se isso tivesse algo a ver com política”, escreveu a colunista Pia Bergström.
O psicoterapeuta, apresentador e idealizador do programa, evidentemente, discordou.
”O objetivo de fazer perguntas sobre a infância dos líderes partidários foi tentar compreender como eles formaram os seus valores”, tentou explicar Poul Perris.
Mas os céticos em relação ao valor da série de programas no divã pareceram estar em maioria. No jornal Svenska Dagbladet, o cientista político Mikael Gilljam, da Universidade de Gotemburgo, destacou que, segundo apontam as pesquisas, os eleitores suecos votam em políticas concretas – e não em candidatos individuais:
”Eleitores suecos são eleitores de opiniões e propostas. Não acho que queremos assistir a programas de TV como esse.”
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